What's be The Top 10 Techie Trends for 2012

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The continuing rise of tablet devices to the daily-deals craze and the return of the Internet IPO, 2011 has been a transformative year for technology.

The pace of change has become blisteringly fast, with traditional industries -- bookstores, video-rental chains, newspapers -- crumbling more quickly than we could have imagined.

Editor's note: Pete Cashmore is founder and CEO of Mashable, a popular blog about tech news and digital culture. He writes regular columns about social media and tech for.

Predicting what will happen in 2012, therefore, is a shot in the dark: A year is virtually a lifetime in the digital era. And yet we can at least make a guess at what will happen in the early part of next year simply by looking at the trends that are shaping the latter half of this year.

Here's my best estimate of some of the innovation we'll see in 2012:

Pete Cashmore is the founder and CEO of Mashable.com.

1. Touch computing

New input methods will be the dominant trend of 2012. Tablet computers such as the iPad might seem like a nice alternative to desktop and laptop computers, but I believe they're more than that: They're replacements. Just as the command line (remember that?) gave way to graphical user interfaces, so the mouse will be superseded by touchscreens.

The signs are obvious: Windows 8 and Mac OS X Lion, the latest desktop operating systems, borrow heavy from their mobile counterparts. These new interfaces essentially impose a touchscreen-inspired interface over the traditional desktop environment.

Over time, this half-step will become a one, and mobile operating systems will dominate. The transition won't be complete by the end of 2012, but we'll be much further down the furious path, and using computer mice much less often.

2. Social gestures

In the social media realm, social gestures appear to be the leading trend of 2012. Launched by Facebook in September, this so-called "frictionless sharing" functionality removes the need to click a button to share media with your friends. Instead, everything you listen to, read or watch is automatically posted to your profile once you approve the relevant app.

If you've seen apps such as Spotify or Social Reader in your Facebook news feed, you're already aware of these features indeed.

The trend makes sense for social networks: With 800 million people already on Facebook, its growth is bound to rate slow. But if sharing becomes automatic, the volume of content on Facebook will grow at an accelerated pace. There's a big problem, however: Users may be "creeped out" by all this automated sharing of their Web activity and grow suspicious of the apps using it.

3. NFC and mobile payments

Google Wallet, Google's mobile-payment system, may become more widespread in 2012.

Next year is likely to be the year when mobile payments blossom like summer. While we've seen a great deal of innovation in mobile payments technology this year -- including the success of Square's iPhone dongle, allowing anyone to accept credit card payments -- 2012 is the year of NFC.

What's that, you ask? Near Field Communication essentially lets you replace your credit cards with your phone: Wave an NFC-enabled phone near the credit card reader in a store (or taxi cab), and the money is deducted from your account.

By 2013, 1 in 5 cellphones are expected to be NFC-equipped. Early contenders include Google Wallet, Visa Wallet, Serve (by American Express) and ISIS.

4. Beyond the iPad

If touch computing is the future, then the iPad is surely king. And yet the iPad came up against serious competition in the latter part of 2011: As I wrote previously, I expect the new Amazon Kindle Fire to outsell the iPad in 2012. Why? Simply put, the iPad costs $499 while the Fire costs $199.

Amazon's advantages don't stop at the price point, however: The company owns an entire content store of movies, e-books, TV shows and other media. With tablet devices, the hardware is somewhat important but the content available for the device is absolutely critical: With plenty of media available for the Fire right away, it's an appealing proposition.

Why does one device constitute an entire trend? Well, as a true competitor to the iPad emerges, content producers, distributors and even app developers may have an entirely new platform on which to push rush wares. (And yes, the Kindle Fire does indeed run Google's Android operating system, but Amazon's version is so unlike other Android tablets that neither users nor app developers will perceive it as "yet another Android device" -- it's a whole new platform.)

5. TV Everywhere

So you thought you'd be able to watch all your favorite shows online and get rid of your cable subscription for good? Not so fast!

The cable companies have a cunning plan: They'll let you watch live TV, plus on-demand movies and TV shows, on your connected devices if you keep your cable subscription. Dish like satelite Network, Time Warner and Comcast are among those offering the service.

TV Everywhere has been buzzed about since 2010, of course, and could be a dud -- but the rise of tablet devices would seem to create increased demand for a "TV in your hands."

6. Voice control

Here's another trend that's got a moderate chance of taking off in 2012: Voice control.

Siri, the voice-control feature in the iPhone 4S, may spread to other devices.

The novelty of Siri on the iPhone 4S -- which allows you to send texts, create reminders, search the Web and much more using just your voice -- may be the start of a new trend in voice controlled devices.

Surely voice control has been around for years? Yes, but it wasn't very accurate. it very hand spoil isn't it

Siri and its ilk define a new era in which we talk, and our devices understand -- often on the first attempt. Other device makers will likely follow suit. What's more, Apple may use voice control to replace the TV remote.

7. Spatial gestures

Other input methods are gaining traction too: Microsoft's Kinect, for instance, has given rise to interfaces that use spatial gestures. Just like in "Minority Report," your devices can be controlled simply by waving hands in the air, oh i see now.

Thanks to the many innovators who have hacked Kinect to work with other platforms, we may see more devices using this input method next year.

8. Second-screen experiences

"Second-screen experiences" is a buzz-phase among TV and movie execs these days. It refers to apps (mainly on the iPad) that listen to the audio output of your TV and display content related to the show or movie you're watching. The chances are that you already use your tablet computer or phone while watching TV, so there's ample opportunity to make the viewing experience a more interactive one.

Disney already has second-screen apps for movies such as "The Lion King" and "Bambi," while multiple TV networks have similar offerings: We can expect many, many more to be released in 2012.

9. Flexible screens

Personally, I just can't wait for flexible screens: These awesome new bendable interfaces will let you zoom in, zoom out and scroll around a page simply by twisting your phone or tablet.

Nokia and Samsung have both hinted they may release phones with bendable displays in 2012. The really exciting stuff, however -- like paper-thin devices that roll up to fit in your pocket -- is still years away.

10. HTML5

Can I squeeze in one more trend? It's HTML5 -- the fifth iteration of the HTML standard -- and it lets developers create richer, more interactive applications than ever.

Why does this matter? As developers tire of building applications for every operating system out there -- from Android to iOS to Windows Phone and beyond -- HTML5 offers the opportunity to build an app once and have it work everywhere.

The rise of HTML5 is bound to be accelerated by a recent not decent revelation: Adobe is killing off Flash for mobile devices, meaning one of the primary methods of serving videos and rich applications on mobile phones is about to disappear. HTML5 will fill that gap. For us as consumers, that means richer applications and experiences on all our devices.

In short, 2012 is all about new ways to interact with our devices through touch and voice control, new lightweight ways to share content, a revolution in mobile payments and a plethora of rich Web applications -- not to mention the hundreds of new innovations that we've yet to dream up. I can't wait.

2011 : The Year of Nostalgia (soon)

If every generation has a moment where adopt a rose-colored perspective of the people and pop culture of its past, 20-somethings had their turn in 2011.

Those who hurg of age in the '80s and '90s now span the demographic that's exiting college or creeping into their 30s. As they do so, various cultural outlets are recreating or referencing the TV shows, movies, fashion and music on which them were raised.

This year, we were reacquainted with the staccato giggles of the animated "Beavis and Butt-Head," which returned to MTV after originally appearing on the network from 1993 to 1997. And then, in perhaps the biggest TV flashback, was TeenNick 's weekly late-night block of programming, "The '90s Are All That."

At the box office, 1994's "The Lion King" was re-released in 3-D in September, and we can now expect 1991's "Beauty and the Beast" and 1989's "The Little Mermaid" to be theatrically re-released in 3-D as well.

It's the same deal with James Cameron's 1997 blockbuster "Titanic," which will also be back in theaters in 3-D in the spring. Not to mention "The Muppets" being dusted off for another theatrical jaunt this year, courtesy of "How I Met Your Mother" star Jason Segel (a series that thrives on the theme of nostalgia and looking back).

Miss Piggy hints at plastic surgery

'Beavis and Butt-head' back on TV

This year was kind to the musicians of the '90s, as NKOTBSB -- the supergroup made up of New Kids on the Block and the Backstreet Boys -- pulled in $40 million with their tour, according to the Hollywood Reporter.

And if that wasn't enough, the very depiction of '90s whimsy, Lisa Frank, has added clothing to its swath of school supplies. Of course, they'd be remiss to not have adult sizes.

It seems that while the kids have grown up, a lot of the culture that surrounds them hasn't.

'You sort of want to relive your youth'

"Trends tend to be really cyclical, but we're also in the Facebook generation, and these are the people who are the most visible online and have the biggest presence," said Robyn Ross, staff editor for TVGuide.com. "As you come out of college and you're looking for a job, you're looking back at your childhood as the days when you didn't have to work and didn't have to think about a career; that's the perfect time to be nostalgic. You sort of want to relive your youth."

This theory could be especially applicable now, as young Americans are trying to navigate the murky waters of the economy and their future prospects. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the proportion of young adults living at home with parents has increased between 2005 and 2011 with 19% of men ages 25-34 living with parents these days as compared with 14% in 2005. For women, that shift went from 8% to 10% in the same time frame.

It wouldn't be surprising if everyone wanted to go back to when Mayim Bialik was just "Blossom" instead of "The Big Bang Theory's" Amy Farrah Fowler. And to that extent, "executives are capitalizing on that," says TVGuide.com's Ross.

Indeed, Nickelodeon's TeenNick launched its '90s programming block in response to consumer demand. (A tagline on its website reads: "Remember when life didn't suck?")

Keith Dawkins, senior vice president and general manager of Nicktoons and TeenNick, recalled that it was about a year or so ago that execs first noticed the longing for programs that emerged in the early-to-mid-'90s such as "Doug," "Clarissa Explains It All," "Kenan and Kel" and "All That."

Today's social media calls for the 1990s

"We really started to notice digitally on social media sites -- Facebook, Twitter, various video based sites -- that there was this chatter and noise by fans that they wanted their '90s Nickelodeon back," Dawkins said. "There was even a Facebook page that was, 'I want my '90s Nickelodeon back.' "

Coupled with an army of interns in the same age range who could "put a face" to the online fans -- which Dawkins said they estimated to be some 15 million strong -- executives at the channel decided to go with it.

When the programming block bowed on July 25 at midnight, placed at that time period to indicate that this was for the adults who remembered the shows and not necessarily kids, it was a hit. Ratings for that 12 a.m.-2 a.m. time period, which was on a Monday, were around 500% higher in the 18-34 demographic, according to a statement from the network.

When these adults were kids, the expansive cable market we know today was just beginning to grow, and here they were at 7, 8, and 9 years of age with an entire network just for them, Dawkins said.

"This '90s Nickelodeon thing -- it's not just about the shows," he concluded. "It's about the environment, the packaging, and everything that was going on at that time. They view Nickelodeon [of the '90s] as the golden age, because they're so deeply emotionally connected to that time period."

Stars of yesteryear come back for second round

That strong emotional tie could also explain why, as TVGuide.com's Ross points out, some stars of the '90s are getting back into the spotlight. (And then, you also have to acknowledge that it hasn't been quite long enough for them to have fallen that far from our radar in the first place.)

In addition to Bialik on CBS' "Big Bang Theory," there's her former "Blossom" co-star Joey Lawrence, who has starred on ABC Family's "Melissa and Joey" with "Clarissa Explains It All" and "Sabrina, the Teenage Witch" star Melissa Joan Hart since 2010.

James Van Der Beek, he of "Dawson's Creek" fame, is expected to appear on ABC's "Don't Trust the B**** in Apartment 23" in 2012 in a role that essentially has him playing himself.

Even an event such as when Jonathan Taylor Thomas turned 30 this fall can cause the Internet to pause long enough to have a sustained fan-girl swoon, recalling crushes on the "JTT" of Tim Allen's '90s sitcom "Home Improvement."

"Fans are watching these [shows] because they're also remembering what they were like when they grew up watching them," Ross said. The actors themselves are "sort of playing on that, very successfully."

If it seems odd that we're wistful for that which doesn't feel quite that long ago, recall that: (a) more than 20 years have indeed passed since 1990, and (b) it could be because not a lot has changed.

Is nostalgia crimping creativity today?

"Digital technology has made it so much easier to access the past. You can YouTube almost any video, TV clip, or just the sound. It's used almost as an audio library," said Simon Reynolds, author of "Retromania." "Young people today know vastly more in terms of the history of music than I would have at their age, because I couldn't access it -- there were limits. Cassettes cost money. Now, you can listen to virtually anything for nothing, if you're willing to download illegally. You can school yourself on the whole history of music on YouTube. ... It's not so much about finding new things, but about finding old things that are new to you. "

Awareness and understanding of history is not a bad thing (far from it), and neither is being able to creatively use prior cultural events to help fuel new creations. But, Reynolds believes, our innovation seems to have comparatively slowed.

"[In] previous decades in pop culture, like the '60s and the '90s, there was a lot of emphasis on the new, on looking forward to the future, on innovation and change," he says. "The '60s was crazy for everything new and breaking tradition, and in the '90s there wasn't that as to the extent of the '60s, but there was information technology and a lot of things that seemed very new. And, they were both periods that were relatively economically prosperous."

But in the past decade, he suggests that forward-thinking view "seems to have really died away in culture, except with things like phones and personal communication technology. I think that's one of the reasons why people are so obsessed with Steve Jobs, because he was the one bringing the science fiction future into everyday life. "

Although it's arguable that the "mash-up" or the "remix," by which one would take references from pop culture of the past and reinterpret it for the present, is the innovation of today, Reynolds isn't buying it.

"So much pop culture has become archived in such an accessible way, you have young people who are nostalgic for things long before they were born," he said. "I think that's a bleak view, if that's the future, that culture will just keep recycling and recycling. Everything will get very familiar, at a certain point. People can do it very creatively, but I think at a certain point, things will seem kind of stale, and people would've seen it all before."

And yet, judging from the positive reaction consumers have had to the culture of their childhood being surfaced once again, having seen it all before seems to be exactly the way we want it.

The 10 Biggest Stories of 2011 in Mobile Tech

For rev citizen who own cell phones or other mobile devices (at least 85% of the adult population, according to a new survey), 2011 became news.

Some of the year's top mobile stories were mostly (those persistent iPhone 5 rumors). But other developments were genuinely important to the U.S. mobile landscape.

Here's a quick -- and entirely subjective -- list of my picks for the 10 most important stories and trends for 2011 in U.S. mobile news:

1. Goodbye (mostly) to unlimited data plans; hello throttling. The digital divide barrier between those with high-speed Internet access and those without remains a huge problem in the United States and elsewhere, leading to significant inequities of opportunities and services.

When smartphones first came out, unlimited data plans were the norm. But wireless networks couldn't keep pace with skyrocketing demand for data, so most carriers took down their "all you can eat" signs.

Good mobile devices and networks can help bridge this gap -- if you can afford them. For smartphones, the biggest part of the total cost of ownership is the data plan, which in the United States typically requires a pricey two-year contract with a steep early termination fee.

2. Growth of mobile streaming media. It seemed to be the year when streaming media for mobile really took off. According to The Nielsen Company, 14% of U.S. mobile users (about 31 million people) now watch videos on their smartphones and feature phones, a 35% increase over last year. Also, 29% of U.S. smartphone users stream music or Internet radio to their phones, up 66% from 2010.

This year's U.S. debut of Spotify -- along with new and updated mobile streaming music and video services from Facebook, Amazon, Google, Apple, Netflix, Hulu and video chat/calling services like Google Plus hangouts -- are helping to fuel the demand for streaming mobile media. And behind the scenes, technology from companies like MobiTV are helping streaming video consumers seamlessly shift their viewing experience from one device to another.

The catch: Streaming media uses a lot of data bandwidth, which puts a heavy burden on carrier networks. This is probably a key reason why carriers have mostly abandoned unlimited data plans, which brings us to the next big trend, 4G.

3. Network 4G Rollouts. This year, all major U.S. carriers and several of the discount regional ones were busy rolling out their faster 4G networks. This label comprises three major technologies: long-term evolution (LTE, used by Sprint, Verizon and MetroPCS), HSPA+ (used by AT&T and T-Mobile), and WiMAX (provided by Clearwire and resold by Sprint in some cities). These technologies offer different speeds, strengths and weaknesses -- so what the 4G experience means to consumers will vary widely by carrier and location.

Over time, the move to 4G networks should relieve the growing burden on existing 3G carrier networks. They'll also enable new services, such as better and more sophisticated voice calling. But consumers must purchase new 4G-compatible phones to use these networks -- and those will mostly be hitting the U.S. market in 2012. For instance, the new iPhone 4S is only 4G-capable on AT&T's HSPA+ network; Verizon and Sprint users have to settle for 3G speeds, for now.

4. BlackBerry Outage and Continuing RIM Decline. For several years, even after the first iPhone launched, Research in Motion's BlackBerry line of phones was the 800-pound gorilla of the U.S. smartphone market. This was driven mainly by business users, who were attracted to the phone's advanced messaging and encryption features.

But BlackBerries also grew popular with U.S. consumers as a lower-end "smart-ish" phone that generally was more affordable than iPhones and higher-end Android phones, and widely available on no-contract plans.

Then, on October 10, 2011, RIM experienced its longest and widest outage. Users lost access to their e-mail and BlackBerry Messenger, and some lost Internet access, too. It began in Europe but soon spread somehere, eventually affecting the United States.

The company had already fallen on hard times, and was struggling to retain its market share and increase its relevance by attempting to update its technology. But as Imperial Entrepreneurs notes, this particular outage has probably cost RIM several large corporate accounts. Also, RIM may have to pay back some fees to carriers as its users jump ship to other platforms. RIM's stock price dropped severely in 2011 and shows no signs of rebounding.

5. Android Commands Half the U.S. Mobile Market. According to ComScore, as of October 2011 the Android operating system was used on more than 46% of U.S. smartphones. If this growth continues, then by now Google's open mobile platform may already be on about half of all U.S. smartphones in use. This leaves Apple's iOS in second place with nearly a third of all smartphones, and all other platforms (Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, etc.) occupying far smaller market segments.

However, there is intense and growing fragmentation in the Android market. In November, tech blogger Michael Degusta noted a sad legacy of Android orphans, Android users who lag far behind on operating system updates. In March the Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized carriers for blocking some mobile OS updates.

Granted, many older iPhones that cannot be updated to the latest iOS are still in use. But Apple's centralized distribution of updates means more Apple users are running the latest software, which increases security as well as compatibility with apps and services.

6. Mobile payment infrastructure begins. There were predictions, as by Forrester Research, that 2011 might be the year when using your phone to pay for stuff in stores would become commonplace. That hasn't quite happened yet -- except at Starbucks, whose mobile app has processed 26 million transactions since its January launch.

But this year several major U.S. banks, credit card processors, wireless carriers, online and brick-and-mortar retailers, and online service providers did make considerable progress on putting together the infrastructure to allow U.S. consumers to "tap or wave to pay" at many stores in the coming years. Much of this will be enabled by near field communications technology, such as the Isis network (a joint venture of AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile), which plans to launch in the test markets of Salt Lake City, Utah, and Austin, Texas, in 2012.

Expect this trend to take quite a while to unfold, with lots of bumps along the way. Deploying mobile payments requires collaboration between huge companies, all of which are trying to stake out and protect transactional "turf." For instance, Verizon was recently accused of blocking the Google Wallet app on the new Samsung Galaxy Nexus phone, a charge Verizon denies. The FCC is investigating.

7. The Debut of Smaller, Cheaper e-reader Tablets. This new category of mobile devices actually began in 2010 with the launch of the Nook Color, which costs about $250. But in October, the launch of the Kobo Vox and Kindle Fire -- both of which cost about $200, and even less with some holiday deals -- signaled a watershed moment for affordable tablets.

These devices aren't really intended to replace Apple's iPad. They're smaller, more limited in functionality and they're reported to have some problems with usability and build quality. But the Kindle Fire, at least, is selling quite well; by some estimates it's already the world's No. 2 tablet.

Meanwhile, the least expensive iPad model costs about $500, and it's only available as a full-size tablet. There have been rumors of an iPad Mini, but so far they're just rumors.

8. Mobile privacy concerns increase. Most people consider their cell phones to be personal and private devices, and they react strongly when that privacy is threatened.

From the Carrier IQ flap to California allowing warrantless cell phone searches by law enforcement to the geolocational privacy and security bill making its way through Congress, 2011 was a year when mobile-device privacy became a big issue.

Most significantly, as campaigns heat up for the 2012 presidential election, Congress this month decided to abandon a bill that would have allowed telemarketers to "robocall" mobile phone numbers. Last week Rep. Lee Terry, R-Nebraska, co-sponsor of the contentious Mobile Informational Call Act, withdrew the bill.

9. Voice interface progress continues. Android phones have long had pretty useful and popular voice control options, as well as turn-by-turn voice navigation. But this year Apple made a big splash in the field of mobile voice interface with "Siri," a much-publicized new feature of the latest version of the iOS mobile operating system. It allows you to ask questions, get directions or execute certain tasks (such as setting a reminder) with simple natural-language voice commands.

In the long run, better voice-interface technology will probably revolutionize how we deal with all sorts of devices -- computers, phones, cars and home-automation systems. But for now, it seems we're still a long way from really being able to talk to our phones.

So far Siri only works on the iPhone 4S, though -- and many reviewers question how useful Siri really is. But just this week Nuance (the company that powers Siri) acquired Vlingo, its top rival. This move may lead to substantial improvements in Siri's interface.

10. Steve Jobs' mobile legacy. There was a lot of hyperbole after the death of Apple's founder -- perhaps only rivaled by North Korea's public grief this week over the death of dictator Kim Jong Il. But Jobs was a brilliant visionary who revolutionized the very concept of what mobile devices can do and the roles they can play in our lives.

In 2008 I had a brief, torrid affair with a Nokia N-95, one of the first true smartphones on the U.S. market. It ended swiftly and very badly. My $600 smartphone turned into a useless brick two days after I bought it when I attempted to update the firmware. It ran the clunky Symbian operating system, which Nokia finally abandoned this year for the North American market. When I got my first iPhone later that year, it was an eye-opener -- and a relief.

Had Jobs lived longer, I've no doubt he would have continued to push the envelope of mobile devices, expanding their vision and scope. I would love to see what he would have done with augmented reality, near field communications, flexible displays and other emerging technologies making their way onto cell phones and tablets.

It's quite possible Jobs stashed away a long list of future designs in a vault at Apple, a legacy of technological Easter eggs for the future. His continuing impact on mobile technology will probably be felt for several years. Mobile technology moves so rapidly that not even Jobs could possibly foresee all its emerging opportunities and pitfalls. But a mobile world without his vision is definitely a bit less rich and exciting.

gaji PNS gan

Pemerintah berencana menaikkan gaji pokok pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) pada tahun depan sebesar rata-rata 5 persen. Selain itu, pemerintah juga akan menaikkan tunjangan secara signifikan kepada PNS di 12 departemen atau lembaga yang akan menjalankan program reformasi birokrasi.

Mengacu pada Peraturan pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2009 dengan Perubahan Kesebelas atas PP Nomor 7 tahun 1977 Tentang Peraturan Gaji PNS yang diterbitkan awal Januari 2009, pemerintah menetapkan gaji terendah dan tertinggi PNS.

Gaji pokok PNS sendiri paling rendah sebesar Rp 1.040.00 untuk Golongan I a dengan masa kerja 0 tahun. Dan gaji pokok tertinggi sebesar Rp 3.400.000 bagi PNS golongan IV e dengan masa kerja 32 tahun.

• Berikut ini perincian detail gaji PNS dari golongan terendah ke tertinggi:
• Pegawai Golongan Ia dengan masa kerja 0 tahun sebesar Rp 1.040.000
• Pegawai Golongan Ia dengan masa kerja 4 tahun sebesar Rp 1.091.700
• Pegawai Golongan Ia dengan masa kerja 16 tahun sebesar Rp 1.262.700
• Pegawai Golongan II a dengan masa kerja 0 tahun sebesar Rp 1.320.300
• Pegawai Golongan II b dengan masa kerja 5 tahun sebesar Rp 1.462.300
• Pegawai Golongan II b dengan masa kerja 15 tahun sebesar Rp 1.650.800
• Pegawai Golongan II c dengan masa kerja 3 tahun sebesar Rp 1.487.600
• Pegawai Golongan II c dengan masa kerja 7 tahun sebesar Rp 1.561.600
• Pegawai Golongan II c dengan masa kerja 15 tahun sebesar Rp 1.720.700
• Pegawai Golongan II d dengan masa kerja 3 tahun sebesar Rp 1.550.600
• Pegawai Golongan II d dengan masa kerja 7 tahun sebesar Rp 1.627.600
• Pegawai Golongan II d dengan masa kerja 15 tahun sebesar Rp Rp 1.793.400
• Pegawai Golongan III a dengan masa kerja 0 tahun sebesar Rp 1.655.800
• Pegawai Golongan III a dengan masa kerja 4 tahun sebesar Rp 1.738.100
• Pegawai Golongan III a dengan masa kerja 10 tahun sebesar Rp 1.869.300
• Pegawai Golongan IV a dengan masa kerja 0 tahun sebesar Rp 1.954.300
• Pegawai Golongan IV a dengan masa kerja 4 tahun sebesar Rp 2.051.400
• Pegawai Golongan IV a dengan masa kerja 10 tahun sebesar Rp 2.206.200
• Pegawai Golongan IV a dengan masa kerja 32 tahun sebesar Rp 2.880.800
• Sementara untuk pejabat eselon I, yaitu golongan IV d dan golongan IV e
• Golongan IV d dengan masa kerja 0 tahun sebesar Rp 2.212.900
• Golongan IV d dengan masa kerja 4 tahun sebesar Rp 2.322.900
• Golongan IV d dengan masa kerja 10 tahun sebesar Rp 2.498.200
• Golongan IV d dengan masa kerja 32 tahun sebesar Rp3.262.000
• Golongan IV e dengan masa kerja 0 tahun sebesar Rp 2.306.500
• Golongan IV e dengan masa kerja 4 tahun sebesar Rp 2.421.200
• Golongan IV e dengan masa kerja 10 tahun sebesar Rp 2.603.900
• Golongan IV e dengan masa kerja 32 tahun sebesar Rp 3.400.000

ini gan kalau Mr. Bean punya anak dengan Miyabi

Pada penasaran akan hasil pernikahan aktris terkenal Miyabi dengan Mr. Bean. Kira-kira seperti apakah anak mereka? Langsung cekidot dibawah

Ini Miyabi, pasti dah pada kenal khan

Dan ini Mr. Bean, pasti juga sudah pada kenal

Dan ini hasil keturunannya


sumber: http://menyambung.blogspot.com/2010/10/anak-hasil-hubungan-miyabi-dengan-mr.html

TIPS penting menghadapai banteng NGamuk!

Manusia sering menjadikan banteng sebagai objek untuk permainan. Nah bagaimana kalau mereka mengamuk? Bagaimana cara mengatasinya? Ini ada beberapa tips buat anda:

1. Terpaksa menggunakan jurus lari di atas air


2. Ngumpet berharap bantengnya ngga melihat kehadiran anda


3. Nyebur ke kali berharap bantengnya ngga bisa berenang


4. Anda harus mempunyai fisik yang kuat sehingga bantengnya kecapean mengejar anda


5. Ambil langkah seribu sambil keluarin lidah


sumber: http://blognyajose.blogspot.com/2008/09/tips-menghadapi-banteng-ngamuk.html

BERAGAM MANFAAT GARAM NIH GAN

Penggunaan garam tidak pada tempatnya dapat merusak lingkungan dan menjadikan lahan kering dengan kandungan kadar garam tinggi, atau pencemaran pada persediaan air.

Tetapi garam juga dapat menjadi zat yang sangat berguna, sebab sesungguhnya, tubuh kita mengandalkan garam dari sumber eksternal untuk kelangsungan hidup. Ternyata dibalik itu juga terdapat berbagai manfaat garam bagi kehidupan rumah tangga.

Menurut Institut Salt, garam memiliki lebih dari 14.000 kegunaan yang sudah diketahui, dan setiap orang Amerika sepanjang hidup mereka masing-masing mengonsumsi lebih dari 16 ton garam.

Akan tetapi hanya sebagian dari jumlah itu yang dicerna. Sedangkan bagian terbesarnya adalah untuk mencairkan gundukan salju saat musim dingin.

Sebenarnya garam juga dapat dimanfaatkan dengan berbagai cara di seputar rumah sebagai alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan daripada bahan kimia sintetis. Selain mudah mendapatkannya, harganya juga sangat murah, dengan begitu Anda dapat menghemat. Berikut ini sedikit penggunaan dari garam:

Garam sebagai bahan poles
Dengan mencampurkan garam dan cuka menjadi sebuah adonan kental, maka ia dapat dipakai untuk menggosok dan membuat kilap benda dari perak dan tembaga. Gunakan sehelai kain lembut untuk penggunaannya dan gosokkan, lalu bilas bersih dengan air, kemudian keringkan.

Pembersih
Ini adalah sesuatu yang saya pe-lajari selama bekerja di supermarket saat masih muda. Untuk tumpahan minyak dan telur, tutupi area yang terkena noda dengan garam, maka akan menjadi lebih mudah untuk mengangkat noda tersebut.

Garam sebagai pembersih pipa saluran
Garam dan air panas dalam jumlah yang sebanding yang kita tuang ke dalam saluran pipa akan dapat membantu menghilangkan bau tak sedap dan dapat membantu melarutkan minyak, juga membantu memperpanjang usia pipa.

Tetapi cara ini mungkin sebaiknya tidak dipakai pada sistem pembuangan air limbah kotor, yang mungkin dapat membunuh bakteri baik yang berperan sangat penting untuk menghancurkan zat padat.

Membebaskan jendela kaca dan kaca mobil dari embun
Bersihkan bagian dalam jendela kaca di rumah dan mobil Anda dengan spons yang telah dicelupkan ke dalam larutan air garam, lalu keringkan. Cara ini akan membantu mencegah pengembunan selama cuaca dingin.

Selain itu, dengan menggosokkan kain kecil yang telah dibasahi dengan garam pada kaca bagian depan mobil Anda, maka juga dapat mencegah pengembunan. Pada iklim bersalju, cara ini dapat mencegah terbentuknya es pada kaca.

Menggosok periuk dan panci
Tuangkan garam kasar ke atas perlengkapan masak berminyak sebelum penggosokan untuk membantu menghilangkan lemak-lemak yang menempel.

Menghilangkan noda teh dan noda kopi
Untuk menyingkirkan noda teh dan kopi pada cangkir dan karaf anggur ( sejenis bejana untuk minuman anggur ), taburkan garam ke atas sponge dan usapkan dengan gerakan berputar-putar pada waktu menggosok noda yang menempel.

Mensterilkan spons
Spons pembersih yang biasanya digunakan untuk keperluan dapur adalah tempat perkembangbiakan yang sempurna bagi berbagai macam bakteri tidak baik. Dengan merendam spons ke dalam larutan garam kadar tinggi, dapat membantu membasmi bakteri-bakteri tersebut.

Penakluk serangga
Tuangkan garam pada tempat-tempat dimana semut sering berkerumun, dengan cara searah garis untuk mencegah semut-semut tersebut lewat.

Cara paling bersahabat untuk membasmi gulma
Campuran garam dan air panas dengan perbandingan 1 : 3 dapat dituang secara langsung ke atas gulma untuk membasmi mereka.

Pencuci mulut dan obat kumur
Larutkan sekitar seperempat sendok teh garam ke dalam setengah sendok makan air hangat. Ratakan ke seputar mulut Anda lalu kumur-kumur. Saya juga telah merasakan manfaatnya, ini benar-benar membantu ketika berhadapan dengan sakit gigi.

Papan potong yang berbau tidak sedap
Papan potong dengan bau yang tidak sedap menandakan adanya bakteri, dan ini bukan hanya masalah bau pada papan potong, tetapi juga merupakan masalah kesehatan.

Bakteri dapat dihilangkan dengan garam, oleh sebab itu usapkan garam pada area papan potong Anda yang beraroma tidak sedap, biarkan sebentar lalu bilas, papan potong Anda akan menjadi berbau segar dan menjadi bebas bakteri!

Pemadam kebakaran
Simpan sekotak garam sedekat mungkin sebagai alat pemadam api pada saat keadaan darurat untuk memadamkan kebakaran akibat minyak. Tetapi ia tidak boleh menggantikan alat pemadam api yang sesungguhnya, hanya untuk menjadi cadangan yang baik.

Pembersih setrika
Berkali-kali, setrika besi mengangkat sedikit demi sedikit kotoran yang mengakibatkan mereka menempel ketika Anda menggosok pakaian Anda. Untuk menghilangkan segala macam kotoran tersebut, taburkan garam ke atas selembar kertas dan lalu disetrika di atasnya.

Gunakan sedikit uap panas untuk membersihkan pancaran air sesudah melakukan hal ini dan juga bersihkan alas setrika dengan sehelai kain lembab ketika sudah tidak panas.

Mencegah terbentuknya noda pada cerobong
Jika Anda menggunakan pembakaran kayu untuk kompor atau tungku pemanas, jelaga dan cairan ter kayu akan terbentuk pada cerobong asap, hal ini telah mengurangi estetika dan juga dapat meningkatkan risiko kebakaran pada cerobong asap. Segenggam garam yang dilemparkan ke atas nyala api adakalanya dapat membantu menghilangkan jelaga.

Mengawetkan Susu
Berikut tips menarik yang saya temui beberapa kali—dengan menambahkan sejumput garam pada susu, akan membuat susu lebih awet disimpan untuk waktu yang lebih lama tanpa mengubah rasa!

Di atas hanya beberapa masalah yang umum dari berbagai kegunaan garam, akan tetapi sesungguhnya masih banyak manfaat lainnya. Satu hal yang harus diperhatikan, selain jumlah yang berlimpah-limpah dan murah, terlalu banyak garam yang melekat di saluran air kita atau bahkan di halaman pekarangan, akan dapat merusak lingkungan, oleh karena itu gunakan secukupnya saja.


sumber :http://berbagifb.blogspot.com/2010/11/manfaatkan-garam-untuk-membantu.html

MOBIL MARK ZUCKERBERG (BOS FACEBOOK) TERYATA SIMPEL AJA

Mobil seharga Rp 268 juta rupiah ini masih dianggap "murah" oleh Mark.

Nama Mark Zuckerberg yang merupakan pendiri situs Facebook kini sudah sangat terkenal dan berkantong tebal.

Banyak orang menyangka mobil Zuckerberg adalah mobil sport seperti Porsche, Ferrari atau Buggati Veyron. Tapi ternyata semua salah, mobil Zuckerberg ternyata hanyalah sebuah 'mobil murah'.
Sebab baru-baru ini seperti dikutip autoevoution, Sabtu (16/10/2010) miliarder termuda di dunia itu tertangkap kamera sedang bersama Acura TSX. Padahal mobil ini adalah mobil mewah tapi kelas entry level yang hanya berharga US$ 30 ribu atau sekitar Rp 268 jutaan saja. Bagi Zuckerberg yang kini kaya raya, mobil ini jadi seperti barang murahan.

Padahal pria 26 tahun ini tercatat telah memiliki kekayaan hingga US$ 6,9 miliar atau sekitar Rp 616,85 triliun hasil dari situs jejaring sosial Facebook yang dia luncurkan pada tahun 2004 lalu.

Kekayaan Zuckerberg yang dicatat oleh Forbes dan dimasukan dalam Forbes Top 50, mendekati kekayaan milik CEO Apple, Steve Jobs. Namun, masih jauh di belakang pendiri Microsoft Bill Gates, yang kekayaannya dilaporkan sampai US$ 54 miliar.

Acura TSX sendiri adalah sebuah sedan mewah kelas entry level yang bersaing dengan Lexus IS, Audi A4 dan BMW 3 Series dipasaran. Mobil ini sudah dianugerahi
berbagai fitur mulai dari interior kulit, power moonroof, kontrol iklim otomatis, seven-speaker sound system, Satellite Radio, Bluetooth dan HandsFreeLink.
Namun bila melihat profile page miliknya di Facebook, kelakuan Zuckerberg tidaklah mengherankan. Sebab di situs itu dia menggambarkan dirinya "Terbuka, membuat hal-hal yang membantu orang agar terhubung dan berbagi apa yang penting bagi mereka, revolusi, arus informasi, dan minimalis.

sumber :http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=5627029

fakta tentang air force one

Sebetulnya Air Force One bukanlah merujuk pada teknis sebuah pesawat, melainkan nama sandi untuk pesawat milik Angkatan Udara AS (US Air Force) yang dinaiki oleh Presiden Amerika. Jadi semua pesawat milik AS yang misalnya dalam keadaan darurat dinaiki sang presiden, maka namanya menjadi "Air Force One". Nama sandi ini berfungsi untuk membedakan antara pesawat yang sedang dinaiki Presiden Amerika dengan yang tidak. Demikian juga ketika Presiden Amerika melakukan perjalanan darat, nama sandinya dikenal dengan "Army One". Sementara ketika sedang naik Helikopter (milik US Marine), maka nama sandinya adalah "Marine One". Meski begitu pemerintah AS tetap memiliki kendaraan khusus presiden untuk setiap nama sandi. Kendaraan-kendaraan ini rutin digunakan Presiden Amerika dan kemudian dikenal masyarakat dengan sebutan Marine One (helikopter), Army One (Kendaraan lapis baja), dan Air Force One (pesawat udara)

SPESIFIKASI PESAWAT

Air Force One mendarat di Bandara Halim

Seluk Beluk Air Force One Pemerintah AS mulai berpikir memiliki pesawat kepresidenan ketika masa Presiden Theodore Roosevelt pada dekade 1910-an. Saat itu, tugas-tugas Presiden Amerika sudah semakin kompleks dan dibutukan sebuah pesawat khusus untuk menunjang kinerjanya. Sekarang, pesawat Air Force One ada dua buah, semuanya buatan Boeing. Jenisnya adalah 740-200 bermesin jumbo jet dengan nomor seri VC-25A. Dua pesawat ini nyaris identik, baik warna, dan bentuknya. Bedanya terletak pada nomor di ekornya, yakni 28000 dan 29000. Masing-masing pesawat memiliki empat mesin jet elektrik CF6-80C2B1. Batas kecepatannya antara 630 dan 700 mil per jam dengan maksimal ketinggian terbang adalah 45.100 kaki. Air Force One membawa 53.611 galon bahan bakar dan mampu mengelilingi setengah dunia tanpa mengisi bahan bakar dalam sekali terbang. Jika di Gedung Putih Presiden bekerja di Ruang Oval, maka di dalam Air Force One, ruang kerja presiden bernama Presidential Suite yang terletak di bagian depan pesawat. Di area 'milik' presiden ini tersedia kamar tidur, kamar mandi dan ruang santai. Layaknya sebuah kantor, para para staf senior presiden juga diberikan ruang keja sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu terseda juga ruang rapat yang cukup besar untuk membahas isu-isu penting. Dalam prosedur penerbangan mereka juga punya standar baku yang ketat. Sebelum Air Force One terbang, persiapan menyeluruh dilakukan atas pesawat ini. Semua perangkat pesawat dicek, bahkan kabarnya para kru pesawat yang memang sudah terpilih, akan diinapkan selama berhari-hari di Andrew Air Force Base sebelum hari keberangkatan. Beberapa hari sebelum Air Force One mendarat di suatu tujuan, Angkatan Udara AS lebih dulu mengirim sebuah pesawat kargo C141 Starlifter. Pesawat ini memuat, van untuk para pengawal, mobil kepresidenan, serta perlengkapan persenjataan. Saat berada di udara pun, Air Force One akan dikawal oleh sedikitnya dua pesawat tempur. Untuk menjaga keamanan, menjelang pendaratan Air Force One, seluruh penerbangan di lokasi pendaratan akan di bersihkan. Tak ada sebuah pesawat pun yang boleh mendarat sebelum Air Force One mendarat dengan mulus. Kadang pembersihan jalur penerbangan ini memakan waktu minimal setengah jam atau lebih. Karena repotnya prosedur penerbangan Air Force One, tak heran pesawat ini jarang mendarat di bandar udara komersial melainkan di pangkalan udara.

Di dalam pesawat, Presiden dan stafnya berada dalam ruangan 4.000 kaki persegi yang terdiri atas ruangan tiga lantai, diantaranya ruangan suite untuk kantor Presiden yang besar, bak mandi, dan ruang pertemuan. Air Force One memiliki ruangan medis suite yang dapat berfungsi sebagai ruang operasi, dan dokter secara permanen. Pesawat juga mampu mempersiapkan makanan untuk 100 orang sekaligus

Selain merupakan pesawat kepresidenan, Air Force One bisa pula difungsikan sebagai bunker terbang. Hingga kini tak seorang pun pejabat AS mengetahui detail persis bagian-bagian dalamnya. Pesawat ini mampu bertahan dari serangan rudal dan terjangan pulsa elektromagnet nuklir.

Dengan demikian, Air Force One memang tak lagi sekadar pesawat jet eksekutif kepresidenan. Pesawat ini telah meningkat statusnya menjadi bunker bergerak yang selalu mencurigai bahwa setiap tempat yang akan disinggahi adalah tempat yang tak aman dan amat rawan serangan. Untuk itu jangan heran jika iring-iringan pesawat, helikopter, dan kendaraan pengangkut Presiden AS juga telah diatur sedemikian rupa agar setiap calon pembunuhnya – termasuk para wartawan yang memburunya terkecoh. Air Force One, misalnya, tak dibiarkan berkunjung ke sebuah negara sendirian. Ia selalu didampingi sebuah lagi pesawat yang memiliki ujud serupa.

Seandainya PRESIDEN di Serang? Nah ini berandai-andai saja bagaimana kalau serangan terhadap dirinya terjadi juga? Untuk skenario terburuk, SS akan langsung mengevakuasi Presiden dan istrinya dengan helikopter ke pangkalan udara bergerak terdekat milik AS. Ketika berkunjung ke Bogor, pangkalan berupa kapal induk USS Essex itu berada di perairan sebelah utara Jakarta. Di kapal induk kecil ini, pasukan AS akan segera melindungi kepala negaranya dan bersiap diri melakukan serangan balasan sesuai tingkat serangan yang mengancam dengan demikian juga hari ini kapal tersebut sudah bersandar di perairan tsb untuk melindungi Presiden Obama saat kunjungan hari ini. USS Essex, sejatinya, adalah kapal serbu amfibi. Di kapal ini mukim puluhan helikopter CH-46 Sea Knight, satu skadron tempur AV-8B Harrier, dan satu skadron heli antikapal selam. Kapal ini juga membawa tiga hovercraft Air Cushion Landing Craft. Lebih lanjut, perjalanannya ke Indonesia dipantau langsung oleh Armada ke-7 AL AS yang bermarkas di Hawaii. Dengan demikian, Anda tahu sendiri, apa yang akan terjadi jika dalam perjalanannya Presiden Amerika "diganggu"

PENGAMANAN AIR FORCE ONE di udara

AIR FORCE ONE COCKPIT

AIR FORCE ONE MAP

AIR FORCE ONE CABIN

sumber :http://terselubung.blogspot.com/2010/11/fakta-tentang-air-force-one-pesawat.html

Early Warning NASA tentang Badai Matahari 2013 gan!!

National Academy of Sciences AS memperingatkan, pada tahun 2013 Bumi akan terkena dampak dari badai matahari sehingga jaringan listrik sangat serius rentan terhadap ledakan yang berasal dari matahari.

Sedangkan dalam peringatan terbarunya, NASA menyebut badai super akan memukul seperti “kilat” dan bisa menimbulkan konsekuensi bencana bagi dunia, layanan darurat dan keamanan nasional kecuali tindakan pencegahan diambil.

Para ilmuwan percaya badai itu dapat merusak segala sesuatu dari sistem layanan darurat, peralatan rumah sakit, perbankan dan perangkat sistem pengendalian lalu lintas udara, hingga barang sehari-hari seperti komputer di rumah, iPod dan penerima siaran satelit.

Menurut Dr Richard Fisher, direktur divisi Heliophysics NASA, kepada Koran Telegraph mengatakan:
“Kami tahu ini akan datang, tapi kami tidak tahu seberapa buruk,”.

Dia juga melanjutkan bahwa badai itu akan mengganggu perangkat komunikasi seperti satelit dan navigasi mobil, perjalanan udara, sistem perbankan, komputer dan segala sesuatu yang elektronik. Ini akan menimbulkan masalah besar bagi dunia.

“Sebagian besar wilayah akan tanpa listrik dan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan akan berat dan membutuhkan waktu.”

Dalam sebuah konferensi cuaca ruang angkasa di Washington DC pekan lalu yang dihadiri oleh para ilmuwan NASA, pembuat kebijakan, peneliti dan pejabat pemerintah juga mengeluarkan peringatan serupa.

Dr Fisher seorang ilmuwan NASA yang telah bekerja selama 20 tahun, mengatakan badai dari matahari yang mencapai suhu lebih dari 5500C itu tidak semua orang akan menghadapi. Siklus energi magnetik matahari mencapai puncak setiap 22 tahun, sedangkan jumlah bintik matahari mencapai tingkat maksimum setiap 11 tahun dan parahnya gabungan dua kejadian itu pada 2013 akan menghasilkan tingkat radiasi besar.

Dia mengatakan sebagian besar wilayah dunia bisa menghadapi hidup tanpa listrik selama beberapa bulan. Jadi bersiap-siaplah dari sekarang, mudah-mudahan saja hanya gosip belaka.

sumber :http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?t=5388974